9-1. A mycologist passes room air through cellulose acetate filters, then mounts the filters directly on a microscopic slide (in an appropriate fluid that makes the filters transparent) and observes and tries to identify fungal spores filtered from the air. These spores are often conidia. Using only the material described here, you can assume that identification of these conidia to genus or species relies most heavily on
A. the teleomorph present.
B. an ontogenetic system.
C. a Saccardoan system.
D. basipetal succession.
E. acropetal succession.
Answer is: C
9-2. Members of the Dematiaceae can produce
A. hyalospores.
B. phaeospores.
C. muriform spores.
D. conidia.
E. More than one of the above is true.
Answer is: E
9-3. When conidia are produced in acropetal succession,
A. the youngest is at the top of a chain.
B. the youngest is at the bottom of a chain.
C. meiosis is in the conidiogenous cell.
D. the growing point does not migrate.
E. germination does not occur; the conidia are sterile.
Answer is: A
9-4. Which of the following can never be formed in pure culture on agar media?
A. coremium with scolecospores
B. blastic conidia
C. acervulus with hyalospores
D. synnema with phaeospores
E. phialides
Answer is: C
9-5. Which is the wrong association?
A. teleomorph = sexual stage
B. anamorph = asexual stage
C. sporodochium--conidia
D. acervulus--anamorph
E. synnemata--teleomorph
Answer is: E
9-6. We string together terms to create words describing spores, but sometimes we get carried away. Which one of the following cannot exist as a real spore type?
A. synnematal phaeoamerospore
B. sporodochial hyaloarthrospore
C. muriform hyaloamerospores
D. pycnidial phaeosympoduloscolecospore
E. acervular hyalodidymospore
Answer is: C
9-7. The reason that you have been taught both the Saccardoan and the ontogenetic systems for classification of Fungi Imperfecti is that
A. the Saccardoan system is of great historical interest.
B. Saccardo is chairman of your prof's Department.
C. pleomorphism can no longer be tolerated in this group.
D. both systems are in use.
E.if you cannot use a microscope, you can use one system, whereas the other can be of better use if you have access to a microscope.
Answer is: D
A. sporangiospores.
Answer is: D
9-9. When conidia are produced in sympodial succession,
A. the growing point does not move or change.
Answer is: D
9-10. Ontogenetic systems for classification of the Deuteromycetes are better than the Saccardoan system because the characters used in ontogenetic systems:
A. are easier to apply in practice.
Answer is: C
9-11. Conidia produced in _________- succession means that the growing point ascends to the top of the youngest conidium, mitosis probably occurs in the conidium, and pores are necessary between conidia.
A. deciduous
Answer is: E
A. the youngest is at the top of a chain.
Answer is: A
9-13. Mycologists often use Scotch tape to pick up fungal growth from moldy walls, insulation, etc.,
mounting the tape directly on a microscope slide in a killing and staining solution for observation
and identification of the (often) conidial species present. The identification of Deuteromycetes
using this technique relies most heavily on _______--.
A. the teleomorph present.
Answer is: C
9-14. Here are 6 related concepts:
1. blastic conidial ontogeny
These concepts are correctly related in which one of the following ways?
A. 1=3=5
Answer is: C
A. blastoconidia (=blastically formed conidia)
Answer is: C
9-16. Gazing heavenward, the opera singer wannabe is about to bellow the final note of his aria when
he notices that the ceiling of his showerstall is covered with a black, powdery mat of mold.
Overjoyed that he has found such a convenient source of teaching material, he launches into a solo
praising this lovely ___________.
A. teliosporic rust.
Answer is: C
Answer is: A
A. staurospore
Answer is: B
A. Aureobasidium pullulans
Answer is: A
9-20. If a fungus produces spores having a single attachment scar, and makes zig-zag short filaments up into the air, the fungus is probably (not always, but probably) a/an:
A. Ascomycete.
Answer is: E
A.by using Melzer's Reagent.
Answer is: B
9-22. Which one of the following is a fungal genus that is important as a potential biological control agent against many important fungal pathogens?
A. Puccinia
Answer is: C.
9-23. Conidia are ____________.
A. always and without exception tetraradiate.
Answer is: E.
A. A
Answer is: B Lecture topic #9
9-27. Please refer to Figure at the back of your exam. What two terms have been marked out?
A. endogenous/exogenous
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9
A. The fungus shown here is clearly eukaryote and has organelles that include nuclei and mitochondria.
Answer is: B Lecture topic #9
9-29.Please refer to Figure at the back of your exam. This fungus is forming ________.
A. arthrospores.
Answer is: A Lecture topic #9
9-30.Please refer to overhead transparency # . In the mid-1990s, this product of Aspergillus terreus, produced by Merck, grossed more than a billion dollars per year. What is this?
A. a stimulant of transcription of tumor-suppressor genes used to prevent colon cancer
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9; page 26
9-31. Please refer to overhead transparency # . This mold infection of grapes is desired because
the resulting wine has greater taste and, in particular, greater __________, for a known reason.
A. sourness
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9; page 24
9-32.Please refer to overhead transparency # . What Deuteromycete causes this fairly common condition?
A. Histoplasma capsulatum
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9; page 18
A. Aspergillus sp.
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9; page 13
9-34. Please refer to overhead transparency # . What is the major mycological hazard here?
A. aflatoxin from Aspergillus flavus, causing cancer
Answer is: A Lecture topic #9; page 9
9-35.Please refer to overhead transparencies # and . What is this remarkable fungus?
A. Cladosporium sp.
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9; pages 4 & 5
9-36. Please refer to overhead transparency # . What is the main mycological health hazard here?
A. propionic acid
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9; page 1
9-37. Please refer to overhead transparency # . All of these fungi are producing conidiogenous
cells called ______________, which are found, for example in Penicillium and Aspergillus.
A. chlamydospores.
Answer is: B Lecture topic #9; page 57
9-38. Please refer to overhead transparency # . This fungus is producing ___________.
A. phragmospores.
Answer is: A Lecture topic #9; page 52
9-39. Please refer to slide # . This shows the _____________ of Microsporum gypseum, an important dermatophyte.
A. phaeoscolecospores
Answer is: D Lecture topic # 9 slide box #7, slide 9
9-40. Please refer to overhead transparency # . Members of this genus and of similar genera are
medically important, but sometimes baffle the inexperienced microbiologist, who askes, "Where are the
spores?" The fungus is making spores: They are __________.
A. scolecospores.
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9 Page 9-63
9-41. Please refer to overhead transparency . The Congress' symbol for the importance
of fungi is the double helix of DNA, for the use of fungi in recDNA-based biotechnology,
and the distinctive conidiophore of ____________, a fungus used to make well over a billion dollars of products each year... although it can also cause infection and allergy.
A. Penicillium chrysogenum
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9 Page 9-59a
9-42. Please refer to overhead transparency # . This scene illustrates a public health
disaster just waiting to happen, caused by_____________: It can be validly predicted.
A. Aureobasidium pullulans
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9 page 9-9
9-43. Please refer to overhead transparency # . A term for what concept or meaning has
been marked out :_____________.
A. infection
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9 Page 9-11a
9-44. Please refer to overhead transparency # . This news-maker, which grows on walls of
Jordan Hall, is _______________.
A. Aspergillus.
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9 Page 9-11c
9-45. Please refer to overhead transparency # . This illness is called ______________ and is caused by a Deuteromycete.
A. histoplasmosis
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9 Page 18
9-46. Pleases refer to overhead transparency # , which you certainly were not expected to
memorize. This life-saving product of a Deuteromycete makes _______________
A. chemotherapy for cervical cancer and prostate cancer
Answer is: D Lecture topic # 9 Page 9-25
9-47. Repeated handling of moldy hay can cause a debilitating disease callled ____________. It is due to chronic exposure to spores of thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus. It is characterized by fever, muscle pain, tiredness, trouble breathing, and eventually asthma, and is, essentially, an allergy.
A. Thrush.
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9
9-48. Which one of the following statements is false?
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9
9-49. Please refer to transparency # . If "1" means first-formed, these three, from left to right,
are, or form spores in,______ succession.
A. basipetal, acropeta, sympodial
Answer is: D Lecture #9, page 72
9-50. Please refer to transparency # . The annual market for this fungal product is roughly ____
A. $1,000,000.
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9, Page 25
9-51. Please refer to transparency # . This important spoilage mold increases the sweetness of
wines made from grapes it attacks, because ________.
A. it produces sucrose by means of its own enzyme-mediated metabolism.
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9, Page 24
9-52. Please refer to transparency # . This fungus is one of the most important of all
industrial fungi, and is especially noted for production of ________.
A. antibiotics
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9, page 4
9-53. Please refer to overhead transparency # . Probably the most important fungus here is a species of:
A. Fusarium
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9, Page 3a
9-54. The major fungal problem in a situation such as this (transparency # ) is caused
by ______.
A. Rhizopus stolonifer.
Answer is: D Lecture topic #9, page 9
9-55. Many fungi are beneficial associates of our foods, such as here (transparency # ). In
general, these fungi are used _____.
A. for protection.
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9, page 6
9-56. This slide shows the distinctive _____ of the dermatophyte, Microsporum gypseum. (slide # )
A. hyalospores
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9, Box #7, slide 9
9-57. This slide shows an economically important powdery mildew which obviously makes its
conidia in _____. (slide # )
A. synnemata
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9, Box #7, slide 31
9-58. Please refer to transparency # , which illustrates _____.
A. anastomosis of ascospores.
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9, page 66a
9-59. Please refer to overhead transparency # . Probably the most important fungus here is
a species of _____.
A. Candida.
Answer is: E Lecture topic #9, Page 3a
9-60. Please refer to FIGURE at the back of this exam. This fungus is a/an _____.
A. ascomycete.
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9
9-61. Please refer to FIGURE at the back of your exam. These data from Black & Biron's article support the conclusion that:
A. ability to smell some putative aphrodisiacs is genetically determined and can be "learned" with exposure.
Answer is: D Take home lecture
9-62. If you compile a list of the top 20 or so pharmaceuticals, worldwide, in terms of dollar value, assuming that there haven't been major changes in recent years, approximately how many will be fungal products?
A. All.
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9
9-63. Suppose that you wanted to choose a biological warfare agent that was as highly efficient as
possible in converting biomass to propagules. A priori reasoning tells you that
certain types of _____ fungi would be the best candidates. (In fact, this was what the U.S. military did conclude empirically.)
A. aleuriosporic
Answer is: C Lecture topic #9
9-64. Please refer to slide number . These conidia have been stained with the cytoplasmic stain
cotton blue. They are _____.
A. phaeospores.
Answer is: ELecture topic #9
9-65. Please refer to slide number . These conidia are _______.
A. thallic
Answer is: BLecture topic #9
9-66. Please refer to slide number . This fungus is producing conidia _____.
A. basipetally
Answer is: CLecture topic #9
9-8. Members of the Dematiaceae produce:
B. zygospores.
C. oospores.
D. conidiospores.
E. More than one of the above is true.
B. as soon as a spore is formed, meiosis occurs in it.
C. there is a pore at each end of the newly formed spore, i.e., at its top and bottom.
D. they are formed in acropetal succession.
E. the oldest spore is the one at the top, at the tip of a chain.
B. do not focus on evolutionary relationships.
C. are less influenced by growth conditions.
D. are new and have a rapidly developing literature.
E. show more pleomorphism.
B. ontogenetic
C. thallic
D. basipetal
E. acropetal
9-12. When conidia are produced in sympodial succession,
B. the youngest is at the bottom of a chain.
C. meiosis is in the conidiogenous cell.
D. the conidiophore disarticulates.
E. conidia are discharged (or fall off) as soon as they are formed.
B. an ontogenetic system.
C. a Saccardoan system.
D. basipetal succession.
E. sympodial succession.
2. thallic conidial ontogeny
3. conidia formed from a pre-existing cell
4. conidia formed de novo, not from a pre-existing cell
5. young conidium is recognizable before it is cut off by a cross-wall
6. cross-wall is laid down before differentiation of a conidium begins
B. 1=4=6
C. 2=3=6
D. 2=4=5
E. 2=4=6
9-15. All but one of the following could be formed by a parasitic fungus as it grows in or on your body. Which one of the following cannot exist?
B. phialoamerospores (=amerospores formed by a phialide)
C. acervulus with muriform phaeoconidia
D. arthrospores
E. hyaloamerospores
B. chlamydosporic smut.
C. phaeosporic Deuteromycete.
D. acervulus-producing Coelomycete.
E. hyaloamerosporic yeast.
9-17. If a key for Deuteromycetes makes heavy use of these terms, it is probably a/an ________-based key.
A. ontogeny
B. morphology
C. anatomy
D. GC ratio
E. nitrogen
9-18.Which one of the following does not describe a spore shape?
B. dictyospore
C. allantospore
D. helicospore
E. scolecospore
9-19.Which one of these is "the" Paint Fungus?
B. Trichoderma sp.
C. "cocci"
D. Neurospora crassa
E. Geotrichum sp.
B. human pathogen.
C. paint fungus.
D. rust.
E. sympodial Deuteromycete.
9-21. Sometimes, in a very practical sense, you can deduce conidial ontogeny ________.
B.by examining spore shape, color, and ornamentation.
C.by means of CG ratios of spores in a chain.
D.through use of the mitic system.
E.by testing for the id response.
B. Ustilago
C. Trichoderma
D. Darluca
E. Stereum
B. IPM.
C. bunts.
D. teleomorphs.
E. mitospores.
9-26. Please refer to Figure at the back of your exam. Which one illustrates ontogeny that is both blastic and acropetal?
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
B. acropetal/basipetal
C. blastic/thallic
D. arthrosporic/aleurosporic
E. centripetal/centrifugal
9-28. Please refer to Figure at the back of your exam. Superficially, there are certain
features of this fungus that could cause one to erroneously believe that it is a sporangial Zygomycete such as Mucor, and more than one novice has been fooled by the similarities. Closer examination, however, tends to cause one to reject the conclusion that this is a Zygomycete, and leads one to look for additional, confirming features that identify the fungus correctly. What features, illustrated here, are incompatible (although not prohibitive) with this being a Zygomycete?
B. The nature of the hyphae in the figure is, in general, not that of a Zygomycete.
C. The number of spores produced in a single group, and the closeness of the groups. That is, the ratio of spores to biomass of vegetative material.
D. Spore shape, size, and lack of ornamentation.
E. None of this makes any sense; this is all gibberish.
B. blastospores.
C. coremia.
D. didymospores.
E. endogenous spores.
B. an immunosuppressant important in kidney transplantation and other organ transplantation
C. an antibiotic effective against penicillinase-producing bacteria
D. an antilipemic used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and for slowing progression of coronary atherosclerosis
E. an anti-depressant also used for certain eating disorders
B. tartness
C. odor
D. sweetness
E. long-chain alcohol concentration
B. Coccidioides immitis
C. Candida albicans
D. Trichophyton rubrum
E. Aspergillus niger
9-33. Please refer to overhead transparency # . What is this dastardly mold?
B. Cladosporium sp.
C. Stachybotrys sp.
D. Aureobasidium sp.
E. Penicillium sp.
B. allergens from Aspergillus niger, causing fatal asthma attacks
C. acetaldehyde from yeasts, causing immunosuppression
D. cyclosporin(e) from Tolypocladium inflatum, causing immunosuppression
E. None of the above are true.
B. Penicillium chrysogenum = P. notatum
C. Aureobasidium pullulans
D. Aspergillus niger
E. Stachybotrys sp.
B. citric acid
C. cyclosporin A
D. allergens
E. lovastatin
B. phialides.
C. thallic conidia.
D. sterigmata.
E. cystidia.
B. amerospores.
C. staurospores.
D. dictyospores.
E. didymospores.
B. dictyospores
C. muriform spores
D. hyalophragmospores
E. Two of the above are true.
B. phragmospores.
C. aleuriospores.
D. arthrospores.
E. allantospores.
B Aureobasidium pullulans
C. Aspergillus niger
D. Candida albicans
E. Alternaria sp.
B. Ustilago maydis
C. Penicillium roqueforti
D. Aspergillus niger
E. Aspergillus flavus
B. weight gain
C. bad breath
D. poisoning
E. None of the above are true.
B. Cladosporium.
C. Penicillium.
D. Aureobasidium.
E. None of the above are true.
B. coccidioidomycosis
C. white cushion tongue
D. plage
E. None of the above are true.
feasible.
B. implantation of Teflon-coated stainless steel prosthetic devices
C. certain otherwise imposible heart muscle repair surgeries
D. certain types of organ transplantation
E. eye surgery in developing nations
B. la pourriture noble
C. Farmer's lung.
D. Dryes.
E. Edelfäule.
A. There are certain mold genera in which correct identification of species is extremely difficult, requiring reference cultures and special testing procedures (media, temperature). These genera include Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium.
B. Dermatophytic fungi attack keratinized "tissues" such as skin, nails, hair, feathers, horns, and hooves.
C. When "The" Paint Mold Geotrichum grows on paint, one of the surest ways to recognize the species is its lenticular green colonies.
D. Scab on peach, caused by Cladosporium, is an example of a plant disease that causes quantitative loss: You lose money, but the crop is not wiped out. You have food, but go broke.
E. Aspergillus niger produces highly allergenic conidia and is the source of industrially produced citric acid.
B. acropetal, basipetal, sympodial
C. chlamydosporic, arthrosporic, sympodial
D. acropetal, basipetal, basipetal
E. acropetal, sympodial, sympodial
B. $10,000,000.
C. $100,000,000.
D. $1,000,000,000.
E. $10,000,000,000.
B. it causes the grape to produce more of the enzyme required for production of sucrose.
C. it makes fructose.
D. it causes the grape to produce fructose.
E. None of the above are true.
B. hypolipidemic compounds.
C. antifungals.
D. aspergillic acid.
E. citric acid.
B. Candida
C. Ganoderma
D. Merulius
E. None of the above are true.
B. hypolipidemic compounds.
C. hallucinogens.
D. Aspergillus flavus.
E. Two of the above are true.
B. to improve taste.
C. to produce vitamins.
D. to sequester heavy metals.
E. Two of the above are true.
B. phragmospores
C. dictyospores
D. muriform spores
E. Two of the above are true.
B. thallic fashion
C. basipetal succession
D. uredia
E. Two of the above are true.
B. aerial spores that are hinged and flap.
C. maple spores that swim by bending in the middle.
D. haitch-spores of a smut.
E. None of the above are true.
B. Fusarium.
C. Ganoderma.
D. Merulius.
E. None of the above are true.
B. basidiomycete.
C. deuteromycete.
D. phycomycete
E. None of the above are true.
B. androstenone and androstenol are similar in their effects on humans.
C. women are most highly aroused sexually when their mate has no body odor at all, whereas men prefer their mate to have a "perfume-like" odor.
D. neither Exaltolide nor androstenol had statistically significant effects on perceived attractiveness in this experiment.
E. Southerners cannot recognize body odors as readily as Northerners can.
B. Most.
C. A half dozen or so.
D. One or two, for sure.
E. Possibly one.
B. phialidic
C. arthrosporic
D. chlamydosporic
E. sympodial Deuteromycete
B. muriform.
C. dictyospores.
D. All of the above are true.
E. None of the above are true.
B. phragmospores
C. produced on phialides.
D. amerospores.
E. produced on a synnema.
B. called arthrospores.
C. sympodially.
D. that are muriform.
E.and intercalary chlamydospores.