A. Histoplasma capsulatum
B. chytrids
C. Puccinia graminis
D. Dutch Elm Disease
E. the ergot fungus

Answer is: D

12-2.If you find tiny, "furry," yellowish balls, about a millimeter or less in diameter, on rotting skin, hair, hooves, and horns of a carcass, and note that they contain many clusters of 8 spores when crushed and observed under the microscope, you have probably found a member of the _____________.

A. Basidiomycetes.
B. Hemiascomycetes.
C. Discomycetes.
D. Plectomycetes.
E. Pyrenomycetes.

Answer is: D

12-3. DeBary bubbles occur in

A. wine fermentations.
B. ascospores.
C. conidia of Neurospora crassa.
D. rotting corpses.
E. sclerotia.

Answer is: B

12-4. Production of a cirrhus by an ascocarp is indirect evidence that

A. the fungus is a plant pathogen.
B. asci deliquesce.
C. the fungus occurs primarily in deserts.
D. the fungus occurs only in deserts.
E.ascospores are violently discharged (shot out) from operculate asci.

Answer is: B

12-5. If a layperson reports a "morel" fruiting in his or her garden in September in the Midwest, it probably isn't a morel; it is a ________________.

A. rust
B. polypore
C. stinkhorn
D. cleistothecial fungus
E. chytrid

Answer is: C

12-6. One group of fungi which depends primarily on animals for spore dispersal is fungi which produce _____________ fruiting bodies.

A. red
B. small
C. stipitate
D. hypogeous
E. amyloid

Answer is: D

12-7. Truffles are most closely related to:

A. epigeous Discomycetes.
B. Plectomycetes.
C. the Dematiaceae.
D. keratinophilic fungi.
E. osmophilic yeasts.

Answer is: A

12-8. Dogs are now used to hunt for truffles in France, but sows were more commonly used in the past. Why sows?

A. They are more intelligent than dogs.
B. They are heavier than dogs.
C. They can dig deeper than dogs can.
D. They are more sensitive to the odor of truffles.
E. Sows eat truffles; dogs do not.

Answer is: D

12-9. Asci of some dung fungi bend or grow toward light. What is the selective advantage of doing this?

A. Prevents rainwater from striking asci.
B. Facilitates splash cup dispersal.
C. Increases probability of inbreeding.
D. Increases probability of dispersal.
E. Causes differential distribution of auxins within ascus wall.

Answer is: D

12-10. Pate de foi gras contains parts of

A. yeast cells.
B. corn smut pustules (sori).
C. false morels.
D. morels.
E. truffles.

Answer is: E

12-11. Sclerotinia spp., like several other fungi which cause vegetable soft rots and turn host tissues into a mushy pulp, produce an abundance of

A. bluish pigments
B. basidiospores
C. pectinolytic enzymes
D. greenish pigments
E. hysterothecia

Answer is: C

12-12. All of the following can smell truffles. Which one of the following is the commercially most important smeller/finder of truffles in France today?

A. truffle flies
B. sows
C. dogs
D. humans
E. voles

Answer is: C

12-13. Both in the classroom and your take-home lecture, your instructor stated his opinion, based upon the scientific evidence, that both androstenone and androstenol are ______ if purchased with intent to use them to attract a sex partner by causing a biological response to the chemicals.

A. good investments, usually
B. pretty much a waste of money
C. extraordinarily dangerous chemicals
D. safe and effective, but immoral
E. carcinogenic and therefore illegal

Answer is: B

12-14. Both androstenone and androstenol are produced and secreted by:

A. men.
B. women.
C. boars.
D. A and B, but not C, are true.
E. A, B, and C are true.

Answer is: E

12-15.The results of the Black and Biron (1982) study of the effects of androstenol on judged physical attractiveness of an opposite-sex confederate, described in detail in your take-home lecture, support the hypothesis that androstenol has:

A. no statistically significant effect on perceived attractiveness.
B. a small, but statistically significant, effect on perceived attractiveness.
C. a great effect on perceived attractiveness: it increases attractiveness.
D. a great effect on perceived attractiveness: it decreases attractiveness.
E. None of the above are true.

Answer is: A

12-16.Although individuals may differ in their interpretation, it is generally agreed that both androstenol and androstenone have a ____________-like odor.

A. ozone
B. octenol
C. yeast
D. musk
E. anosmic

Answer is: D

12-17.Please refer to Slide # . This shows a/an:

A. apothecial lichen.
B. basidial lichen.
C. Discolichen.
D. None of the above are true.
E. Two of the above are true.

Answer is: E Lecture topic #13; Box 8b Slide 44

12-18. Please refer to Slide # . This ascomycete produces ____________.

A.cleistothecia.
B.perithecia.
C.soredia.
D.tar spot.
E.None of the above are true.

Answer is: E Lecture topic #13; Slide 19 Box 8b

12-19. Please refer to Slide # . This is a cross-section view of the cap of a/an ___________.

A. bolete.
B. agaric.
C. polypore.
D. morel.
E. tooth fungus.

Answer is: D Lecture topic #13; Slide 27 Box 8b

12-20. Please refer to Figure at the back of your exam. What are the asexual reproductive bodies produced by this lichen?

A. apothecia
B. perithecia
C. rhizines
D. sori
E. None of the above are true.

Answer is: E Lecture topic #13

12-21. Please refer to overhead transparency . You were asked to remember the price of this product, because it helps give perspective on the value of fungi in our society: ________.

A. $18.95 per pound
B. $1.89 per ounce
C. $11,000 per pound
D. $1,000 per pound
E. None of the above are true.

Answer is: E Lecture topic #13