10-1. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia are probably due to imbalance of ___________ in the host, and/or production of _________ by the pathogenic fungus. What one word is missing here?
A. hormones
B. phytoalexins
C. pheromones
D. mycorrhizas
E. arbuscules
Answer is: A
10-2. When Crandall and Brock mixed appropriate mating strains of the yeast Hansenula wingei in liquid suspension, the yeasts
A. died.
B. formed ascocarps.
C. became heteroecious.
D. became aneuploids.
E. settled, precipitated.
Answer is: E
10-3. Introductory mycology lab course students often are misled by a large structure in yeast cells that, under the light microscope, looks like a big nucleus, but isn't. It is a:
A. nucleolus.
B. vacuole.
C. mitochondrion.
D. ribosome.
E. plasmid.
Answer is: B
10-4. All fungi capable of growing as a yeast have in common only one of the following:
A. Produce ascospores.
B. Have spherical asci.
C. Show alternation of generations.
D. Are heterotrophic.
E. Are plant pathogens.
Answer is: D
10-5. This question is a test of your ability to recognize informal or slang uses of words. If an article published in a genetics or biochemistry journal has the title, "Genetic analysis of the role of cyclic AMP in yeast," the organism studied was ______. If an article published in a medical journal has the title, "Effect of oral nystatin for chemotherapy of chronic vaginal yeast infections," the usual organism of interest would be __________.
A. Aureobasidium pullulans/Histoplasma capsulatum
B. Hansenula wingei/Cryptococcus neoformans
C. Mucor rouxii/Blastomyces dermatitidis
D. Schizosaccharomyces octosporus/Rhizopus sp.
E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Candida albicans
Answer is: E
10-6. The effect of yeast cell agglutination is to:
A. bring together compatible strains of yeast.
B. rupture the cell membrane.
C. convert cell proteins to polysaccharides.
D. convert cell polysaccharides to proteins.
E. increase the wings of Hansen.
Answer is: A
10-7. Which one of the following is an important character used in identification of ascomycetous yeasts?
A. Are the asci operculate or inoperculate?
B. What is the ascocarp shape and color?
C. What is the morphology of the ascospores?
D. Are the hyphae mostly external or mostly internal with regard to host tissue?
E. Are the ascocarps open, closed, beaked, or flat?
Answer is: C
10-8. The phenomenon most closely related to the origin of the term "mirror yeasts" for organisms such as Sporobolomyces roseus is:
A. meiosis.
B. mitosis.
C. budding or fission.
D. wind or rain.
E. forcible discharge.
Answer is: E
10-9. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus that causes serious infections of humans. The mycelial form is inhaled; the yeast form grows in our tissues. It infects 75 men for every 1 woman. One possible explanation for this is that ______ blocks the M ---> Y conversion, and that women have a higher concentration of this hormone than do men.
A. testosterone
B. ketoconazole
C. estradiol
D. LH
E. an estrogen receptor
Answer is: C
10-10. Why do petite yeast strains grow at the same rate as wild type strains when both are incubated anaerobically?
A. Both obtain the same amount of energy from their energy source anaerobically.
B. Wild type strains do not grow anaerobically.
C. Oxygen is not transported into petite strain cells when growing anaerobically.
D. Nitrogenase is O2-sensitive.
E.This question is misleading. Petite strains and wild type strains grow at very different rates anaerobically.
Answer is: A
10-11. Agglutination in Hansenula wingei was studied by Crandall and Brock. The organism used was a __________.
A. cow.
B. yeast.
C. mold.
D. mushroom.
E. horse.
Answer is: B
10-12. So far, the most obvious importance of killer factors in yeasts is their role in _____________. (Do not consider potential or theoretical applications.)
A. citric acid production
B. penicillin production
C. plant pathology
D. medical mycology
E. brewing of alcoholic beverages
Answer is: E
10-13. Petite strains of yeast have a genetic lesion in
A. amino acid synthesis.
B. glycolysis.
C. respiration.
D. fatty acid synthesis.
E. photolysis.
Answer is: C
10-14. Throughout human history, and possibly even today, you could argue that the common baking and brewing yeast, ______ ______, has been and is the most important fungus.
A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B. Sacharomyces cerevisiae
C. Sacharomyces cerivisiae
D. Sacharomyces cerisvisae
E. Saccharomyces ceverisae
Answer is: A
10-15. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy, seen when Taphrina deformans infects peach leaves, are probably caused by production of _________ by the fungus.
A. plant growth hormones
B. amino acids
C. sulfur compounds
D. copper compounds
E. hydrogen ions
Answer is: A
10-16. A dormant spray is used:
A. on that little rug you wipe your feet on before entering a house.
B. trees in late spring or the middle of the summer.
C. dead spores.
D. trees in late fall or in the winter or very early spring.
E.This question is misleading. Dormant sprays were used; they are no longer used in developed nations.
Answer is: D
10-17. Taphrina deformans shares with baker's yeast:
A. naked asci
B. budding
C. active discharge
D. ability to infect trees
E. More than one of the above is true.
Answer is: E 10-18. What is the most important principle involved in the use of dormant sprays?
A. Powerfully toxic chemicals can be used.
B. Fungal spores are more sensitive to toxic chemicals than are hyphae.
C. Some fungi overwinter inside buds of their host plant.
D. Insects spread spores of some plant pathogens.
E. Some fungi produce plant hormones.
Answer is: A
10-19. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula wingei, and Taphrina deformans have in common:
A. four ascospores per ascus.
B. spherical asci.
C. alternation of generations (isomorphic).
D. staurospores.
E. naked asci.
Answer is: E
10-20. Continuous culture presents a major practical problem for the industrial microbiologist considering this technique for production of antibiotics, etc. This problem is:
A. that many fungi produce secondary metabolites in continuous culture.
B.that exponential growth can, in theory, be maintained indefinitely in continuous culture.
C. the boundary layer, combined with thigmotropic responses.
D. co-metabolism.
E. that proliferation of spontaneous mutants can occur in continuous culture.
Answer is: E
10-21. Taphrina deformans is the name of a fungal species. The specific epithet is deformans. Why did this species receive that specific epithet?
A. It has deformed ascospores.
B. Its asci are deformed.
C. Infected leaves are deformed.
D. It causes birth defects in humans.
E. Cattle that eat it grow deformed horns.
Answer is: C
A. petite strains.
Answer is: D
10-23. Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs in the
A. alpha factor.
Answer is: E
10-24. Scientists have trouble accepting cause-effect hypotheses until some mechanism is proposed
-something linking the cause to the effect. Thus, it is important that Truss hypothesizes that secreted by Candida albicans in vivo could be the cause of the "whole system" symptomatology he sees in his patients.
A. protein
Answer is: D
A. blight
10-26. What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle of a yeast?
A. stasis
Answer is: D Lecture topic #10; Landecker
10-27. You saw an overhead transparency describing several yeast web sites. As expected, and
indicative of the nature of the study of yeasts, all of these sites _________.
A. were devoted to application of molecular genetics to wine, beer, and bread production.
Answer is: C Lecture topic #10
A. allergenic molds.
Answer is: D Lecture topic #10
10-29. Please refer to overhead transparency number . What made the holes in this bread?
A. volatilized ethanol/ethyl alcohol
Answer is: B Lecture topic #10 Page #10-1
10-30. Please refer to overhead transparency number . This shows some of the fungi and
bacteria that produce kefir, which is similar (but not identical) to yoghurt. Kefir,
quite obviously, contains cocci, bacilli, and _________.
A. aspergilli.
10-31. Please refer to overhead transparency number . What are these "nonconventional" yeasts?
A. psychrophiles.
Answer is: E Lecture topic #10 Page #10-1b
10-32. Please refer to overhead transparency number . For this cartoon to make any sense, _________.
Answer is: A Lecture topic #10 Page #3a
A. A
Answer is: E Lecture topic #10 Box 8a, five slides
A.basidiospores
Answer is: E (artifact: cereal particles)Lecture topic #10Box 8a, slide #12
10-35. Please refer to slide number . This shows ___________.
A. basidiospores.
Answer is: CLecture topic #10Box 8a, slide #2
10-22. Agglutination has been most intensively studied in:
B. Taphrina deformans.
C. Aspergillus fumigatus.
D. Hansenula wingei.
E. Penicillium chrysogenum.
B. basidia.
C. sporangia.
D. hyphae.
E. None of the above are true.
B. amino acids
C. glycoprotein
D. acetaldehyde
E. estradiol
10-25. You saw two slides that strikingly illustrated the fact that Taphrina deformans
causes __________ when it causes Peach Leaf Curl.
B. artifact formation
C. hypertrophy and hyperplasia
D. development of Michaelis-Gutman bodies
E. wilting
Answer is: C
B. septum formation
C. steroid conversion
D. DNA synthesis
E. succession of proteins
B. were clinical medical mycology sites.
C. concerned Saccharomyces.
D. were at the USDA.
E. were at the FDA.
10-28. Please refer to Figure at the back of your exam. These kits are typical of those used for routine identification of:
B. species of Penicillium, Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Paecilomyces.
C. jelly fungi.
D. yeasts.
E. wood-rotting polypores.
B. carbon dioxide
C. dead cells of a yeast
D. lactobacilli
E. Two of the above are true.
B. penicilli.
C. asci.
D. the fungus known casually as "cocci".
E. None of the above are true.
Answer is: E Lecture topic #10 Page 10-1a (budding yeast)
B. osmophiles.
C. thermophiles.
D. halophiles.
E. None of the above are true.
(all yeasts besides S. pombe and S. cer.)
A. the yeast on the left is male, the yeast on the right is female.
B. the yeast on the right is male, the yeast on the left is female.
C. both yeasts are the same sex, but neither recognized the fact.
D. one yeast is genetically capable of sexual reproduction, the other isn't.
E. one yeast is impotent, and the other yeast has an idea how to circumvent that problem.
10-33. Please refer to slides number . Which one shows a dimorphic fungus that produces pseudohyphae?
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
10-34. Please refer to slide number . This shows ___________ in sputum.
B.ascospores
C.a budding yeast
D.a fission yeast
E.None of the above are true.
B. ascospores.
C. a budding yeast.
D. a fission yeast.
E. None of the above are true.